This is the mandible of the modern Olive baboon, Papio anubis, a widespread terrestrial Old World monkey found in central north-central savanna of Africa. There are five recognised species recognised in the genus Papio. Baboons are sexually dimorphic and the males of this Genus can weigh as much as 40 kg.
Modern baboons are omniverous although mostly herbivorous, they live in heirarchical troops that can sometimes be large, where there is a dominant male.